- Software
First Aid on your Mobile
Version: i1.0
Release: 2008-12-24
Copyright: Kai Kajus Noack
Licence: Creative Commons by-nc-nd
This program is supposed to give information on first aid. However, it does not represent a substitute to a first aid course. It rather serves you refreshing your already acquired knowledge.
Illustrations © Med4Teens
Interface © iUI Library
- Disclaimer
Please note that I take no responsibility for consequences resulting from the use of the software.
ANY LIABILITY IS EXCLUDED!
USE AT YOUR OWN RISK!
In all emergencies, please seek professional help immediately.
- Project Development
The program is supposed to become multilingual. Voluntary Translators needed!!
Further information is available on the Internet www.firstai.de or write an email to:
To save one life is to have saved the world.
- Always perform first aid. You cannot make any mistakes.
- Always pay attention to your own safety.
- Examine the situation and secure the accident place.
- Emergency call + First Aid measures!
- If there are several casualties, the treatment of the most harmed has priority.
- Always try to calm down the person concerned. Stay calm yourself!
- If possible lay her/him down comfortably. Never give alcohol, nicotine or drugs to a person who is the victim of an accident.
- Phone for an ambulance immediately.
- Try to calm down the casualty and let him sit comfortable.
- Remove allergic causing matter (e.g. sting of a bee) carefully.
- Cool affected skin (wet compress, ice).
- If casualty has an antidote, he should use it (help him).
- Monitor casualty's condition until ambulance arrives.
- If casualty loses consciousness or breathing stops, follow appropriate instructions!
Amputated body part can be reattached again. Goal: Keep amputated part cool until you arrive at hospital.
- Calm the person, lay him/her down, and cover with blanket.
- Stop the bleeding, see 'Bleeding (severe)' and 'Shock'.
- Wrap amputated part in a clean and dry cloth, and put it into a waterproof plastic bag.
- Close this plastic bag and put it into another plastic bag, that contains cool water/ice.
- Do not give alcohol, cigarettes or food to casualty (in case of a surgery with anaesthesia in hospital).
- Do not freeze the amputated part (just keep it cool).
- Call emergency or drive casualty to hospital yourself.
Attention: High danger of infection. Result could be infection, tetanus, rabies.
- Wash wound with hot soapy water.
- Afterwards disinfect the wound.
- If there is severe bleeding, elevate the person's upper body.
- Apply an aseptic bandage.
- Go to a hospital or call emergency doctor.
No breathing sounds or breath movements, noticeable discolouration of the skin.
- Emergency call.
- Lay casualty on his/her back.
- Remove any substances from the mouth and throat. Stretch head backwards.
- Pinch the nose, so that nose is closed.
- Take a deep breath and put your mouth onto the mouth of the casualty, that no air can leak.
- Breath out slowly and fully.
- If without success: Do breathing as long as ambulance arrives.
Pain in the back, numb arms and legs.
- Do not move the casualty!!
- Hold the head so that the person lies still (keep their head stationary)

- Stabilize the casualty with bolsters on either side.
- Calm the person.
- Emergency call, point out the back injury.
Goal: Stop the bleeding.
- Do not touch the wound (danger of infection).
- Do not treat wound with powder, salves or sprays.
- Wound treatment: cover with sterile material and a bandage.
- For slight bleeding a plaster is often sufficient.
- If wound is large-scale, use a wound cover and a bandage. Do not apply bandage too tight, as a stasis can lead to increased bleeding.

- Note: Wounds as a result of the bite from a rabid animal have to be washed with soapy solution.
Splashing, pulsating blood. Danger: Choking because of blood loss, infections, death. Goal: Stop the bleeding.
- Remove clothes (cut if necessary) and reveal wound.
- Wrap a bandage or, if necessary, a garment with pressure around the wound.
- Exert pressure for at least 10 min.
- If bandage is soaked with blood, do not remove it. Instead wrap another bandage/garment around it.
- Place the affected limb (if not broken) higher than the heart to reduce amount of blood pressure. If possible lay down casualty.
- If bleeding does not stop, keep pressure on wound, and set additional pressure point on wound: For a bleeding of the forearm compress the upper arm (press vein at inner side of arm, in the middle of elbow and arm-pit, using your fingers). For bleeding of leg, set pressure point in groin (press vein at crook of groin, where artery leads over pelvic bone, using the ball of your hand).

- Call emergency doctor immediately.
- As soon as bleeding is under control: Initiate anti-shocking measures.
Headache, nausea, vomiting. Impaired vision. Unconsciousness can occur.
- Lay down person concerned.
- Emergency call.
If bleeding from head:
- Lay down casualty, with the head elevated (on pillow).
- Do wound-treatment (use head-bandage).
- Emergency call.
Spotted white-red areas, blistering. Skin loses fluid. Deep damage of tissue. Strong pain or no pain (because of burned nerves).
- Remove clothes as much as possible.
- Cool burned body parts with water (about 15°C, 59°F) up to 10 min, until pain reduces.
- If burning is extensive, just use wet cloths to cool.
- Emergency call.
- After cooling, do the wound treatment: Use a sterile dressing. Do not apply fluids (no creams, oils, ointments etc.). Do not pierce the blisters.
- Control breathing and consciousness of the person until emergency doctor arrives.
- Check breathing sounds.
- Diagnose breathing in the upper abdomen (lay your hand on it).
- Sense breathing at nose and mouth.
- Emergency call, point out chemicals.
- Flush eye with much water. Cover healthy eye during flushing.
- Lead the water jet from inner angle of eye to outer angle of eye. Clean for at least 20 min under clear water.
- Close both eyes of the casualty and bind with wet cloth.
- Monitor condition until ambulance arrives.
Injury of tissue.
- Mind self-protection!
- Act quickly and wash the burned locations.
- Emergency call.
- If there is a chemical burn of the digestive tract, particularly the mouth and throat, drink a lot of water.
- Do not cause vomiting!
- Grip execution: Position one arm of the injured in front of his/her chest, and get behind him/her.
- Put your hands under the shoulders of the wounded, grabbing the angled arm.
- Pull back and carry the person into safety.

Reaction to contaminated food, infection of intestine or disorder. Stool is diluted, slimy or bloody.
- Danger for the circulation because of dehydration and loss of salt!
- Give liquids (tea, water).
- If there are strong disorders call the emergency doctor.
- Call emergency. Ask people next to you for help.
- Rescue person out of water!

- If casualty is breathing: Recovery position. Keep him/her warm (cover). Monitor condition until emergency doctor arrives.
- If casualty is not breathing: Immediately start with resuscitation! (Ejecting water from the lungs is useless.)
- Dial 112 with the next available phone (USA: 911). Always possible and for free! Do not hesitate to call for an ambulance!
- On the phone you must provide the following information:
- What has happened
- Where (accident place)
- How many casualties
- What kind of injuries.
Afterwards wait for further instructions or queries.
Rigid body, clenched fists, pressed jaw, twitching in limbs or face. Rolling eyes. Salivation. Unconsciousness possible.
- Do not hold the casualty or restrain their movement.
- Lay the casualty on a soft base (cushion), remove close objects to prevent self-injury.
- Calm down the casualty. Loosen clothing, provide freedom to breath.
- If casualty vomits, turn their head to the side so that vomit can drain.
- Keep airways clear. Danger of swallowing the tongue.
- Recovery Position + Emergency call. Continue monitoring the casualty's condition.
- Keep other people at distance.
- Leave object in the eye of casualty, do not remove it.
- Keep eyes motionless to avoid further injuries. Do not touch the eye.
- If eye is bleeding, cover it with a compress or a sterile gauze.
- Cool the eye with a cold pad (reduces swelling, bleeding stops quicker).
- Emergency call or drive casualty to hospital yourself.
Symptoms: Unnatural position and movability of bone. Deformation. Painful movement, touch-sensitive.
- Avoid movements!
- Emergency call.
- Immobilize the fractured bone, i.e. bolster material around bone tightly. Keep position of the bone.
- If fracture is open, cover the wound with sterile material.
Paleness, swellings. Danger for blood supply.
- Move casualty into a warm area.
- Get away from cold, remove cold clothes, dry person.
- Warm up with lukewarm water and with body heat of the helper.
- Give warm drink (tea). No alcohol!
Cold hard skin, grey-white, blistering, tissue dies off. Danger for blood supply!
- Go to warm area.
- Wound treatment/covering.
- Give a sugary drink.
- Do not rub the casualty to warm them!
- Emergency call.
Heavy, more than 5 min lasting pressure and pain in the chest, particularly radiating in the arms/shoulders. Anxiety, paleness, cold sweat. Possibly nausea, shortness of breath.
- Emergency call! Point out the supposed heart attack.
- Position with the upper body elevated. Loosen tight clothing. Do not give drugs or drinks.
- Talk calmly to the person concerned.
- Control consciousness and breathing.
- Give aspirin if available.
- If person becomes unconscious, start resuscitation.
Blood sugar level is below minimum value (because of overdose of insulin or insufficient intake of food).
Symptoms: Paleness, nervousness, hunger, shivering, sweating.
- Make sure that the person is a diabetic (look for a diabetic badge).
- Emergency call.
- Give a sugary drink and dextrose/glucose (if there are no problems in swallowing).
- If person is conscious and breathing: Recovery position. Monitor breathing of the person. If apnoea appears, start with breath giving.
- If there is breathing, you can put a lump of sugar into the cheek pouch, push from outside against it.
Thirst, weakness, disorientation, nausea, confusion, strong sweating, hot skin.
- Emergency call.
- Find a cool shady place (room with air conditioning preferable).
- Lay down person, elevate legs. Loosen clothing.
- Cool skin with cold water or lay on cold towels.
- Give plenty of water or juices to drink.
Cold shiver, drowsiness, exhaustion up to unconsciousness. Cold pale skin. Slow pulse, weak heartbeat.
- Go to a warm area/room.
- Call emergency.
- Increase body temperature (cover and body-to-body-contact).
- Remove wet clothes and put on warm clothes. Cover with blankets or other covers. Cover the head.
- Give hot tea, soup or hot water to drink. No alcohol! Keep person awake.
- Monitor casualty's condition until emergency doctor arrives. If person becomes unconscious, initiate resuscitation:
- A - Unconsciousness with breathing
- B - Unconsciousness without breathing
Pay attention to your own safety. Danger: Drowning, Hypothermia.
- Ask other people for help. Call for an emergency ambulance.
- Rescue via ladder, board or bar. Weight must be distributed evenly.
- Crawl carefully on your front along the support (if possible roped to a stable point) with a pole or similar tool.

- Reach to the person with the pole or other tool (not your hand!), encourage him/her to take hold of it and pull him/her out.
- Crawl backwards back to the edge.
- First-Aid measures.
- Self-rescue possible: If ice is solid, you can distribute your weight on the ice and pull yourself out. Crawl flat on your front to the edge. If ice is fragile, try to break the ice piece by piece up to the edge.
Swelling, skin rash, burning feeling, weakness, difficult breathing, decreased consciousness, tachycardia.
- Remove sting carefully (with a tweezer). Do not squeeze the sting as this could inject more venom.
- Cool concerned spot (apply a cold compress).
- Concerned area should be kept lower than the heart to slow circulation of the venom.
- If stung in mouth/jaw area: Suck ice-cream, and apply a cold compress around throat.
- If severe problems, notably difficulty in breathing or decreased consciousness, occur, call an ambulance immediately.
Confusion, hallucinations, enlarged pupils, fever, cramps. Unconsciousness.
- Only give antidotes if you are accompanied by a trained medic.
- Do not give drinks. Do not cause vomiting.
- Emergency call + point out the poisoning!
- Safeguard rest of poison and the vomit!
- If casualty is conscious and breathing: Recovery position. Monitor condition until emergency doctor arrives.
- If casualty is not breathing: Immediately start with resuscitation! Free mouth from vomit beforehand.
- Lay casualty on her/his back, straighten legs. Knee beside him/her.
- Place arm nearest to you at a right angle to the body.
- Pull arm furthest from you across the chest and place the back of the hand against cheek.

- Get the far knee, pull it to your side, and lay it on the ground. Position the leg at a right angle. Keep casualty's hand under the cheek of the person.
- Make sure the airways are free.
- Open mouth slightly, and position the head to the side so that vomit can drain. Check breathing.

- Control the casualty's condition until the emergency doctor arrives.
- Recovery position for babies:

- Stop your own car 50-100 m behind the accident site (if you are on a highway or country road). Switch on warning lights. Put on high visibility vest.
- Position the warning triangle before the accident site. Attention: If accident is on a curve position the warning triangle before the curve!
- Ask other people for their help.
- Open the door of the accident car (if jammed, prise it open using a car jack). Turn off ignition.
- Rescue the accident victim: Unstrap seat-belt, move seat backwards. Free the casualty out of the car by rescue grip.
- Emergency call.
- Proceed with first aid measures.
Circulatory disorder by poor oxygen supply in the body.
Cause: Loss of fluid, reduced blood volume.
Symptoms: Paleness, cold skin, cold sweat, anxiety.
- Eliminate the cause of the shock (e.g. stop the fluid loss, bind the wound)!
- Lay the wounded person on a blanket, raising the legs. Calm the person.
- Emergency call.
- If difficulties in breathing or consciousness, initiate resuscitation.
Light bleeding from nose, mouth or ear. Often open wounds on skull.
- Keep the airways free.
- If conscious: Let the injured sit with head bowed forwards. Avoid further movements!
- If unconscious: Recovery position (no pressure on wound of head).
- Emergency call.
- Apply head bandage.
- If difficulties in breathing or consciousness, initiate resuscitation.
Puncture wound the size of a pin, severe pains, swelling, purple colour. Circulatory disturbance, danger of shock.
- Steady the wounded part of the body.
- Apply cold material around bite wound.
- Take measures against shock.
- Emergency call.
- Signal: 3x short, 3x long, 3x short.
- Optically (strobe light, flashlight), or acoustically (signal whistle, knocking).
Pain, swelling (bruise), loss of function, deformation of the limb.
- Place the injured part of the body in the position most comfortable for the casualty.
- Cool (using ice packs).
- If possible, position the injured part elevated.
- Go to hospital or call emergency doctor.
Sudden feeling of paralysis or numbness (face, arm, leg), disturbances in language understanding, vision problems, disturbed consciousness, severe headache. Problems in breathing and swallowing, loss of control over bladder and intestine.
- Emergency call!
- Loosen tight clothing. Do not give drugs or drinks.
- Sit or lay down person concerned comfortably. Calm him/her!
- Control consciousness and breathing.
- If difficulties in breathing or consciousness, initiate resuscitation.
Insufficient oxygen supply. Trachea closed. Danger: Apnoea.
Symptoms: Wheezing respiratory noise, cough stimulus, shortness of breath, skin discolouration.
- Immediate action! Let the person concerned cough very strongly.
- Strike strongly with a flat hand on the back between the shoulder blades (lay babies on your forearm, with head down).

- If without success: Stand behind person, arms around waist, bow slightly forward.
- Clench your fist, position it at height of person's stomach, and take it with your other hand.

- In embrace use both hands to give a hard blow upwards towards stomach (as if you would try to lift the person).
- Repeat this up to 5 times! Airways should get free from object.
- Emergency call.
- If first aid measure is unsuccessful at first, keep on doing it until emergency doctor arrives.
- Remove affected person from direct sunlight. Avoid further sun.
- Drink much water to stop dehydration.
- If there is a serious sunburn (blisters, redness, pain), seek medical advice.
- If the skin is just lightly red, it can be cooled with wet compresses. Use after-sun lotion or gel.
Hot red head, cool skin, sickness, headache, dizziness. Cause: Irritation of the cerebral membrane.
- Go to a cool place (shadow) and position the upper body of the person up.
- Cool the head with wet blankets.
- Emergency call, keep controlling the breathing.
- If conscious: Give cool drink if applicable.
- If apnoea appears, start with breathing:
- Go on with Breath Giving!
No reaction on loudly asking, no response on shaking. Breathing does exist.
- If there are people next to you ask for help.
- Recovery position. Open mouth and position head this way that vomit can drain.
- Emergency call.
Arises from nausea. Stomach empties itself. Causes: Infection, poisoning, ulcer, drugs, bad food, pregnancy.
- Danger for the circulation because of dehydration and loss of salt!
- Give liquids (tea, water).
- If there are strong disorders, bloody or continuous vomiting, call the emergency doctor.
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One small step for a man,
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Licence
Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 3.0
You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work under the following conditions:
- Attribution
You must attribute the work by mentioning the licensor's name Kai Kajus Noack and linking to the website www.firstai.de (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work).
- Noncommercial
You may not use this work for commercial purposes.
- No Derivative Works
You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work.
- For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. The best way to do this is with a link to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
- Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder.
- Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author's moral rights.
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